reported that non-invasive SW treatment at 13.56 MHz with 1–20 KeV/m 2 field inhibited tumor progression in animals and enhanced the anticancer effect of chemotherapy. Additionally, some reports have demonstrated that the selective hyperthermia induced by SW was also effective in cancer treatment. These above studies all focused on the non-thermal therapeutic effects of SW. This difference may stem from their different proliferation properties or cancer cell phenotypes. From these studies, we concluded that some cancer types had special SW response frequencies, while others tended to be unresponsive at any frequency. Another clinical experiment study concluded that treatment with intrabuccally administered amplitude-modulated SW-EMF was effective for palliating symptoms and prolonging the survival period of patients with advanced HCC. Additionally, the modulated HCC-specific and breast cancer-specific frequencies of SW-EMF significantly decreased the proliferation of HCC and breast cancer cells, but the non-malignant cell lines of the above two tumors were not affected by the same frequencies. The results showed that in vivo HCC was significantly inhibited in mice exposed to modulated SW-EMF. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of SW-EMF was 0.4 W/kg. exposed mice carrying subcutaneous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenografts to 27.12 MHz of EMF modulated at specific frequencies, 3 h daily for 6 weeks. Several studies have demonstrated that SW-EMF facilitated the treatment of some cancer types. Therapeutic effect on cancerĬancer treatment is always a challenge, and scientists have been exploring new therapeutic methods, including SW-EMF treatment. Many studies, including basic science and clinical evidence, have reported the beneficial effects of SW-EMF on cancer treatment, wound repair and pain control. The development of bioelectromagnetics has facilitated the application of various EMFs on medical treatment, and SW-EMF is broadly available. Here, we focused on the exposure to SW radiation and reviewed the present studies we aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the biological effects of SW.
Given the potential risk of electromagnetic radiation, many countries have determined the safe levels of exposure for the general public and occupational workers. Although numerous studies about the adverse effects of electromagnetic radiation have been reported in the past decades, the biological effects of radiation remain controversial. It is known that a rapidly moving electromagnetic field (EMF) can be a health hazard when the energy level is sufficiently high enough, but the variety of electromagnetic devices with different radiation intensities makes the biological effects inconsistent. However, it cannot be ignored that the non-ionizing radiation of SW with HF may damage biological tissues by non-thermal or thermal mechanisms. Additionally, several technologies based on the delivery of SW radio frequency energy are available for therapeutic medical applications. This HF band is frequently used in military radars, radio transmissions and industrial equipment. 6.Shortwave (SW) is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum, and it has a frequency range varying from 3 MHz to 30 MHz, which belongs to the high frequency (HF) band. to achieve a well-defined small area in which the X-rays are created. refracting X-rays In an X-ray tube, the anode cone has a bevel a. In the x-ray tube, the evacuated vessel is surrounded by oil for a. The anode material used in x-ray tubes should have a a. Electrons from cathode striking an inner-shell electron of the anode's atom. Deflection of electrons coming from the cathode when passing close to an atomic nucleus of anode losing some of their kinetic energy.
Excitation and ionization of the anode atoms by electrons b. Characteristic x-rays are produced as a result of a. Electrons from cathode strike an inner-shell electron of the anode's atom. Electrons from cathode deflect when passing close to an atomic nucleus of anode losing some of their kinetic energy c. Excitation and ionization of the anode atoms by accelerated electrons take place b. Bremsstrahlung x-rays are the wide range of x-ray produced as when: a. It's refractive indices are approximately the same for different materials c. It does not propagate like electromagnetic radiation b. X-rays cannot be focused by means of lenses because: a.
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